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However, limited knowledge exists on how to obtain and maintain social license through public engagement, which we consider includes good transparency and diversified means of communication for community dialogue (Kelly et al. Understanding social acceptability of natural resource uses is crucial for environmental management (Gall and Rodwell 2016) a failure to consider whether social license exists for conservation activities can result in the failure and contestation of initiatives and management decisions (Garnett et al. Society’s role in decision making is increasingly recognized (e.g., Aarhus Convention, IPBES-6 ), and the concept of social license has become an important theme for development, particularly toward fostering stakeholder engagement and communication (Lacey et al. 2017) to foster sustainable environmental development. Transparent and culturally appropriate natural resource management is imperative (Christie et al. Public engagement through dialogue and participation in science is essential to improve knowledge about the environment and to support evidence-based decision making for sustainable use of ecosystems and natural resources. Key words: citizen science marine conservation ocean literacy social license INTRODUCTION We demonstrate that marine citizen science has considerable potential to generate and develop social license for marine conservation in Europe and elsewhere.
Our findings indicate that citizen science can enhance social license by improving ocean literacy and marine citizenship. We use in-depth qualitative interviews and a semiquantitative online survey of marine citizen science coordinators to investigate how citizen science can play a role in enhancing social license and the mechanisms through which it can occur. We highlight important linkages between social license and citizen science that can work synergistically to support conservation.
To date, social license in the marine space has largely focused on public perceptions of industrial and extractive uses of the marine environment, and limited research has explored social license for conservation. Social license is a concept that reflects community views and expectations on the use and management of natural resources. Here, we explore whether and how citizen science can also play a role in generating social license for marine conservation, using European marine citizen science as a case study. Citizen science is the active involvement of the public in science to address scientific questions, often of common interest or concern, by collecting and analyzing data, and publishing and communicating science via diverse outlets. Citizen science presents an important avenue by which to achieve such engagement.
Project logistics: community representation.Communicating: engagement and connecting stakeholders.Developing understanding: linking social license and citizen science.Linking social license to citizen science.1Helmholtz-Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany, 2German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Deutscher Platz 5e, D-04103 Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany, 3Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, 4Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia, 5CSIRO Land and Water, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tasmania 7004, Australia, 6Institue of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str.